Country: Cuba Sources: UN Country Team in Cuba, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached files. Since January 2026, Cuba has faced a severe reduction in fuel availability, leading to cascading adverse impacts on essential services and on the humanitarian response for populations affected by Hurricane Melissa. The significant decrease in energy availability and in electricity supply hours is affecting all sectors in a cross-cutting manner, including the operations of the United Nations system and its partners. External measures affecting Cuba, including unilateral sanctions and other restrictions, have reduced the supply of oil and its derivatives. On January 29, 2026, the United States Government issued an Executive Order further restricting the supply of oil or fuel from third countries to Cuba. As of the close of this plan, according to Cuban authorities, no fuel imports have been recorded since December 13. This disruption has triggered a severe energy shock, characterized by a critical fuel shortage affecting electricity generation, transportation, and essential logistics across the country. Widespread blackouts and fuel rationing measures have been reported, with electricity shortages lasting several hours a day in some areas. The national energy system is under sustained pressure, significantly affecting basic services, including safe water, health, sanitation, education, and food. Furthermore, fuel shortages are limiting the operational capacity of the United Nations system and its humanitarian partners to implement the response and deliver assistance, including supplies already in the country. Dozens of containers with humanitarian aid remain in storage, awaiting transport to hurricane-affected areas. [+]

Country: Syrian Arab Republic Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to t he attached file. Introduction The Humanitarian Programme Cycle (HPC) is designed to improve the delivery of humanitarian assistance and protection through better preparation, prioritising, steering and monitoring the collective response through informed decision-making. Humanitarian activities under the Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) are coordinated at the field level and benefit from an overarching effort to harmonise assistance across response areas.1 The primary objective of the HNRP is to coordinate the timely and adequate delivery of humanitarian assistance to people in need in accordance with international law, including the UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/46/182 and the UN Charter.2 The Syria HNRP is developed by the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) on behalf of humanitarian partners3 working in Syria, under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator for Syria (HC), with support from the humanitarian sectors and the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). The HNRP is collectively prepared by all partners and endorsed by the Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC), in line with General Assembly Resolution A/RES/46/182. Affected people were consulted during the humanitarian needs’ identification and planning processes. Activities under the HNRP will be carried out in consultation and coordination with Syrian state institutions in accordance with the Charter of the UN, General Assembly resolution 46/182 and relevant Security Council resolutions. The HNRP’s activities are governed by the framework of agreements between the Syrian State and UN agencies, funds, and programmes. Humanitarian organizations working under the HNRP, namely: UN agencies, funds and programmes, the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement and humanitarian international and national non-governmental organizations (NGOs), remain committed to providing needs-based humanitarian assistance, in line with the humanitarian principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence, and to providing assistance without discrimination against people in need. In this capacity, they are protected under international law. The 2026 HNRP will complement the humanitarian response undertaken by the Government of Syria, as well as efforts of the Syrian Arab Red Crescent (SARC) and other humanitarian actors. Other international organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC) are contributing to meet the needs of affected people. Organizations participating in the HNRP acknowledge that it is first through the efforts of the Syrian people, through relevant institutions at both central and local level, and national (NGOs) that the basic needs of the affected population are met. In accordance with international law, the HCT renews its commitment to deliver humanitarian assistance to people affected by the crisis in Syria, and to implement the response plan with full respect to the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and independence of the Syrian Arab Republic and in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 46/182. [+]

Country: Cuba Sources: UN Country Team in Cuba, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached files. En respuesta a la contingencia energética y los impactos vigentes del Huracán Melissa busca $94,1 millones para apoyar a dos millones de personas más afectadas en sus necesidades básicas. Desde enero de 2026, Cuba enfrenta una severa reducción de la disponibilidad de combustible, con impactos multiplicadores adversos en los servicios esenciales y en la implementación de la respuesta humanitaria para las personas afectadas por el huracán Melissa. La disminución significativa de la disponibilidad de energía y de las horas de suministro eléctrico afecta de manera transversal a todos los sectores, incluidas las operaciones del Sistema de las Naciones Unidas (SNU) y sus socios. Las medidas externas que afectan a Cuba, incluidas sanciones unilaterales y otras limitaciones, han contribuido a reducir el suministro de petróleo y sus derivados al país. El 29 de enero de 2026, el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos emitió una Orden Ejecutiva que restringe aún más el suministro de petróleo o combustible desde terceros países hacia Cuba. Al cierre de este plan, de acuerdo con las autoridades cubanas, no se han registrado importaciones de combustible desde el 13 de diciembre. Esta disrupción ha desencadenado un severo choque energético, caracterizado por una escasez aguda de combustible que afecta la generación eléctrica, el transporte y la logística esenciales en todo el país. Se han reportado apagones generalizados y medidas de racionamiento de combustible, con interrupciones del servicio eléctrico que se extienden por varias horas al día en algunas zonas. Como resultado, el sistema energético nacional se encuentra bajo una presión sostenida, afectando significativamente la provisión de servicios básicos, incluyendo agua segura, salud, saneamiento, educación y alimentación. Asimismo, la falta de combustible limita la capacidad operativa del SNU y sus socios humanitarios para implementar la respuesta y entregar asistencia, incluso aquella que ya se encuentra en el país. En este contexto, decenas de contenedores con asistencia humanitaria permanecen pendientes de transporte hacia las zonas recientemente afectadas por el huracán. [+]

Countries: Iran (Islamic Republic of), Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, occupied Palestinian territory, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates, Yemen Source: UN O ffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached files. Crisis Overview The humanitarian fallout from the escalating hostilities in the Middle East and beyond is increasing by the day, with civilians bearing the brunt across the region. Civilians and civilian infrastructure have come under attack; millions have been put in danger; hundreds of thousands have been forced to flee their homes; and access to basic services and life-saving assistance has been cut off or disrupted for civilians, including internally displaced people, refugees and migrants, in the areas that have been hardest-hit. In Iran, at least 1,200 people have been killed, including over 200 children, according to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME). This includes 168 girls killed when a strike hit the Shajareh Tayyebeh girls’ elementary school in Minab on 28 February. More than 1,110 people have been hospitalized, and nearly 19,000 have been treated and discharged, including at least 1,530 injured children—55 of them under two years old. Strikes by the United States and Israel have reportedly affected 190 districts across 20 provinces, with damage to urban infrastructure, including homes, health care facilities, schools and a water desalination plant. Displacement is increasing and access to services is under strain. Hazardous “black rain” linked to strikes on oil depots poses serious short‑ and long‑term health risks, including for pregnant women. In Lebanon, more than 1,000 people have been killed and nearly 20 per cent of the population were displaced within two weeks, according to Government figures. Communities south of the Litani River, in parts of Baalbek and the Bekaa Valley, and in Beirut’s southern suburbs are heavily affected by intensified Israeli military activities and displacement notices, with at least half a million people caught in ongoing hostilities. At least 50 primary healthcare centres and five hospitals have closed, while 65 attacks harming health care were recorded between 2 and 25 March, killing 53 health workers and injuring 91 others while on duty. In Israel, 18 civilians were killed and over 4,900 injured, including 715 children, between 28 February and 25 March, according to official figures. Iranian and non-state-armed groups’ strikes were reported on residential and industrial zones, increasing risks for civilians and civilian objects in these areas. Approximately 4,900 people in 41 municipalities are reported to be displaced due to complete damage to their houses. In the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT), regional hostilities have resulted in life-threatening consequences for civilians due to border crossing closures and humanitarian access constraints. On 28 February, Israeli authorities shut all crossings into Gaza, halting the entry of aid, fuel and commercial goods, as well as medical evacuations, humanitarian staff rotations and the return of residents from abroad. Limited fuel reserves in Gaza were rationed until 3 March, when Kerem Shalom crossing reopened for the passage of fuel, some aid and humanitarian personnel. Large quantities of essential supplies continue to be stuck in ports. Four women in the West Bank were killed by munition that fell during an Iranian strike on 18 March. Movement restrictions have tightened further, limiting access to essential services. Settler violence has resulted in deaths, and some homes have been taken over for use as military posts. The escalation has caused people to flee from Iran to Afghanistan and from Lebanon to Syria, while humanitarian operations in both countries face heightened pressures due to supply chain disruptions. In Afghanistan, 36,000 people, mainly men, have returned from Iran through the Islam Qala and Milak crossings since the start of hostilities. Further returns from Iran are expected after Eid-al-Fitr. The closure of the Afghanistan-Pakistan border since October 2025 had caused half of all trade into Afghanistan to cross through Iran, making the impact of disruptions immediate: half of all humanitarian commodities are at risk of a pipeline break. The wider escalation comes at the same time as Afghanistan and Pakistan have engaged in renewed clashes, which have affected ten provinces in Afghanistan. Meanwhile, in Syria, more than 180,000 people have crossed from Lebanon, mostly Syrian nationals, while sporadic missile and drone debris have caused civilian casualties and limited infrastructure damage. Many of those entering Syria face significant challenges, including limited access to housing, livelihoods, and essential services. The hostilities have also killed or injured civilians or damaged civilian infrastructure in multiple other countries. Civilians, including migrant workers, have reportedly been killed or injured by Iranian strikes in Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Casualties due to the ongoing hostilities have also been reported in Iraq. Across the region, protection risks are rising as conflict deepens, particularly for women and girls. Widespread landmine and unexploded ordnance contamination are a major threat to civilians, and the current conflict is increasing the presence of new explosive hazards. Meanwhile, displaced people, returnees and migrants are exposed to heightened risks, including discrimination, exploitation, trafficking, loss of documentation, family separation, and gender‑based violence, while limited access to services and restrictive legal systems further undermine their safety. The regional escalation has created gender-specific risks and needs across different countries, including heightening women and girls’ risk of exposure to violence, exploitation and trafficking, and hampering women and girls’ access to vital aid and services. The Middle East was already home to the world’s largest number of people in need of humanitarian assistance and protection at the beginning of 2026, with their situation further exacerbated by the direct and indirect consequences of the current hostilities. Some 3.6 million people are in need of urgent humanitarian assistance and protection in the OPT following unprecedented destruction and devastation; 16.5 million people in Syria require urgent support as the country strives to recover from more than a decade-long war; and in Yemen, 22.3 million people require urgent assistance and protection. Across the region, 3.7 million1 registered refugees from Syria continue to face significant humanitarian and protection needs in host countries and rely on the continued commitment of host governments, host communities, and the international community to sustain access to protection, essential services and support towards self-reliance. Some 5.9 million Palestine refugees spread across Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and the OPT require urgent protection and assistance, delivered first and foremost through the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). In Afghanistan, 21.9 million people need humanitarian assistance. Iran is hosting over 1.65 million Afghan refugees and others in need of international protection. The sudden and intense socio-economic shocks caused by the escalation are having immediate reverberations across the region and may push people who were on the road to recovery back into an urgent need for humanitarian assistance. The escalation is further constraining an already extremely difficult and insecure operational environment for humanitarians, increasing risks for humanitarian workers, limiting people’s access to humanitarian services, restricting the ability of humanitarians to reach communities in need and undermining ongoing aid operations. Social tensions are escalating, contributing to an erosion of the social fabric and weakening conditions conducive to the acceptance of humanitarian actors. At the same time, misinformation and disinformation are further polarizing communities and undermining trust in humanitarian efforts. Across the region, national and local aid workers, who are the backbone of each response, are operating under immense, sustained and compounding strain. Many are themselves directly affected by conflict— displaced, grieving, or struggling to meet basic needs—while simultaneously being expected to deliver life-saving support to others. At the same time, local and national organizations have endured the harshest impacts of global funding cuts. The crisis is causing the most significant global humanitarian supply chain disruptions since COVID-19 and the onset of the war in Ukraine, increasing the cost of partners’ operations, and delaying delivery of vital, life-saving aid in the region and beyond. Humanitarian supply lines across the Middle East are being severely disrupted, threatening the timely delivery of life‑saving food, medical items and emergency relief to millions. Conflicts in the Middle East have elevated risks across key maritime chokepoints and corridors that humanitarian supply chains rely on, affecting shipping, energy, and fertilizer markets with clear knock-on effects. Rising oil prices are already raising fuel and transport costs for humanitarian partners. A significant share of the global fertilizer supply transits through the Strait of Hormuz, any disruption risks reduced availability, lower crop yields, and higher global food prices. The situation also risks renewed global inflation, with effects on food prices—and food security— worldwide. An additional 45 million people could be pushed into acute hunger globally—up from a projected 318 million—if the conflict continues through June, with acute concern regarding the situations in Sudan and Somalia. To mitigate these disruptions, humanitarian partners are adapting their supply routes, but each adaptation comes with a potential increase in costs and a likelihood of delayed delivery at a time when millions of people in the Middle East and beyond are reliant upon humanitarian assistance to survive. [+]

Country: Yemen Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached fil e. Executive summary Yemen enters 2026 in an increasingly complex operating environment, shaped also by severe funding constraints and a system-wide reform agenda. Millions of people continue to face dire humanitarian conditions, struggling to meet basic needs and access essential services amid protracted crisis, conflict-induced economic deterioration, displacement and climate-related shocks. As coping mechanisms erode, households are becoming more exposed to hunger, preventable diseases and protection risks, with vulnerable and marginalized groups-including women and girls, persons with disabilities, internally displaced persons (IDPs), migrants, refugees and the Muhamasheen-disproportionately affected. A highly challenging operational environment in de facto authorities (DFA)- controlled areas in 2025 particularly affecting UN actors, and substantial funding reductions, led to UN scaling back critical life-saving programmes in the final months of the year. In 2026, more than 22 million people -including 10.95 million women and girls - will require humanitarian assistance and protection services across Yemen. This includes 5.2 million IDPs, 329,000 migrants, and 63,000 refugees and asylum seekers. Acute food insecurity remains alarming: 18.3 million people are acutely food insecure, and the latest integrated phase classification (IPC) analysis indicates further deterioration, including districts shifting from crisis to emergency levels, and pockets of catastrophic conditions affecting some of the most fragile communities. Malnutrition levels remain critically high, with over 2.2 million children under five acutely malnourished including 516,157 with malnutrition (SAM). An additional 1.3 million pregnant and breastfeeding women are also expected to be malnourished. In 2026, 14.4 million people are expected to require wash, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) assistance with water scarcity and damaged infrastructure heightening health and WASH vulnerabilities. Essential services remain under severe strain, with only 59.3 per cent of health facilities fully functional, complete vaccination coverage at 63 per cent, and Yemen continuing to face a high burden of epidemic-prone diseases. The 2026 Yemen Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP) sets out a focused and prioritized response to deliver life-saving assistance and protection services. To deliver this response, the humanitarian community aims to reach 12 million people in 2026, including 9.4 million people prioritized for targeted assistance based on severity. The 2026 HNRP requests US$2.16 billion to deliver assistance at scale, including US$1.6 billion to support prioritized life-saving interventions across sectors for the most vulnerable. As needs intensify, sustained and flexible funding will be critical to prevent further deterioration and support timely, prioritized assistance in the areas of greatest severity. The humanitarian community in Yemen is advancing the Global Humanitarian Reset. The 2026 HNRP response strategy is guided by the principles of the Humanitarian Reset with the Humanitarian County Team (HCT) committed to a more people-centred, locally led and cost-effective approach.Humanitarian assistance saves lives. However, humanitarian action alone cannot reverse the drivers of Yemen’s crisis. Reducing long-term needs will require joint efforts of all actors to restore essential services, revive livelihoods and strengthen resilience to future shocks, reinforced by progress towards a political solution. Without sustained support, millions of people will remain at risk of deepening hunger, preventable illnesses and protection threats. [+]

Countries: Lebanon, occupied Palestinian territory, Syrian Arab Republic Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached files. Overview Linked to the military escalation across the Middle East, hostilities between Hezbollah and Israel intensified sharply on 2 March. The surge in violence represents the most serious deterioration in security conditions since the November 2024 ceasefire, deepening an already severe humanitarian and socio-economic crisis and placing immense strain on families, communities, and overstretched aid services. Within the first week of the latest escalation, hundreds of thousands of people in Lebanon have once again been forced from their homes. Lebanese authorities reported 634 people killed and over 1,586 wounded (Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, as of 11 March 2026). The proportion of children affected by this conflict has been significant: in the first seven days of the conflict, 20 per cent of casualties were children. Airstrikes and missile exchanges have caused widespread damage to civilian infrastructure, including residential buildings, schools, health facilities, and essential services. Several collective shelters, primarily public schools, were opened initially across the country to host displaced populations, with many being at full capacity within the first days of the crisis. Additional displaced families are sheltering in informal locations such as mosques, community halls, and unfinished buildings, placing greater demand on water, sanitation, waste management and fire safety systems. The health system is experiencing growing pressure as casualty numbers increase. The closure by 11 March of 47 primary health care centers and five hospitals in the South and Beirut’s Southern suburbs will significantly impact the provision of health care services in conflict affected areas. The evacuation of two hospitals in Beirut’s southern suburbs following the 5 March displacement order, coordinated by the Ministry of Public Health and the Lebanese Red Cross, in addition to reported attacks affecting healthcare personnel and facilities, has placed additional strain on health system capacity. Electricity supply and fuel availability remain fragile, and disruptions to fuel distribution risk affecting hospital operations, water pumping stations, and electricity generation. Lebanon is at the same time one of the countries hosting the largest number of refugees per capita and per square kilometer in the world, according to UNHCR. Both live-in and live-out migrants also represent notable groups of concern who face specific barriers and protection risks due to their background. The current escalation compounds severe pre-existing humanitarian vulnerabilities. According to the Lebanon Response Plan (LRP) 2026, prior to the crisis, an estimated 3 million people in Lebanon already required assistance, including refugees and vulnerable Lebanese communities due to conflict-related incidents, spillovers from Syria, socioeconomic vulnerability, and/or other drivers, including water scarcity and drought-like conditions. Approximately 961,000 people were facing acute food insecurity, while health, water, and social protection systems were already operating under significant strain. Humanitarian access is increasingly constrained. Areas in South Lebanon and Beirut’s southern suburbs remain active conflict zones, limiting humanitarian movement. Debris and the presence of unexploded ordnance (UXO) in affected villages further restrict access. Key transport corridors—including coastal routes and roads linking the Bekaa Valley—face potential disruption. Fuel shortages and panic buying are also reported, raising concerns about the continuity of essential services and the delivery of humanitarian assistance. Humanitarian notification mechanisms coordinated by OCHA have been activated to facilitate safe humanitarian movements, but unpredictable security conditions continue to pose operational challenges for assessments and aid delivery. The current escalation is generating rapidly growing humanitarian needs across multiple sectors, affecting displaced populations, communities remaining in conflict-affected areas, and host communities receiving large numbers of displaced people. The most urgent humanitarian needs include emergency shelter and non-food items and management of collective sites, multipurpose cash assistance, food assistance, health care, water and sanitation services, protection (inclusive of GBV and child protection) services, education, and social stability support. Humanitarian partners estimate that 1,300,000 people may be directly affected by the crisis during the next three months. These figures include displaced households, projected populations remaining in hard-to-reach areas, and other vulnerable communities impacted by airstrikes and disruptions to services and markets. At least 20 per cent of displaced people are expected to be accommodated in collective shelters. This prioritized appeal calls for US$ 308.3 million to provide lifesaving assistance and protection to up to 1,000,000 people, including affected vulnerable Lebanese, displaced Syrians, Palestine Refugees in Lebanon, Palestinian Refugees from Syria, and migrants for a period of three months. An immediate injection of additional funding through the Flash Appeal is needed to address critical lifesaving needs resulting from the renewed hostilities, building on existing Lebanon Response Plan (LRP) coordination mechanisms (and associated financial asks) to support the escalation response. [+]

Countries: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Nigeria Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached file. La communauté humanitaire au Cameroun a finalisé le Plan de Besoins et de Réponse Humanitaires (HNRP) 2026. Les préparatifs sont en cours pour une cérémonie officielle de lancement conjoint, qui réunira le Gouvernement du Cameroun et les partenaires humanitaires. En attendant l’organisation de cet événement, le document est partagé et mis à disposition en ligne. Avant-propos Le Cameroun reste une des crises humanitaires les plus négligées de la région. La violence et l'insécurité, les déplacements forcés, les chocs liés au climat et les risques pour la santé publique sont persistants et continuent d'aggraver les fragilités existantes. En 2026, environ 2,9 millions de personnes ont besoin d'assistance humanitaire et de services de protection. Derrière ce nombre, il y a des familles qui ont perdu leur foyer et leurs moyens de subsistance, des enfants dont la scolarité est perturbée à plusieurs reprises et des communautés qui luttent pour faire face à des chocs successifs pendant que l'espace pour l'action humanitaire reste limité. Les besoins au Cameroun sont déterminés par trois crises simultanées. Dans la région de l'Extrême-Nord, le conflit du bassin du Lac Tchad continue de susciter des préoccupations en matière de déplacement et de protection, l'insécurité limitant l'accès aux services sociaux de base. Dans les régions du Nord-Ouest et du Sud-Ouest, la violence continue d'affecter la vie quotidienne et entraver l'accès aux marchés, aux écoles et aux soins de santé. Dans les régions de l’Adamaoua, du Nord et de l’Est, le Cameroun continue d'héberger des réfugiés de la République Centrafricaine dont le plus grand nombre vit en situation de déplacements depuis plusieurs années, faisant face à des risques de protection persistants et à des opportunités d’autonomisation limitées. Ces crises se déroulent dans un contexte où les carences de développement structurel et les vulnérabilités durables amplifient l'impact de chaque nouveau choc. Les inondations et la sécheresse endommagent à plusieurs reprises les biens matériels, perturbent les moyens de subsistance et les services déjà limités. Au Nord-Ouest et au Sud-Ouest, l'insécurité et les contraintes d'accès s’ajoutent à la complexité du contexte. En 2025, les contraintes documentées dans les zones touchées comprenaient des restrictions de mouvements, des obstacles administratifs qui retardent les opérations et des incidents qui augmentent les risques pour les civils et les travailleurs humanitaires. Le sous-financement a réduit davantage la capacité des partenaires à prépositionner des articles et autres provisions, à stabiliser leur personnel et à investir dans la logistique et les actions visant l'atténuation des risques nécessaires pour atteindre les populations affectées en toute sécurité et de façon cohérente. Lors de ma visite à Buea en 2025, j'ai rencontré les autorités locales et les partenaires humanitaires. Nos échanges ont permis de souligner les contraintes auxquelles ils font face chaque jour mais aussi leur détermination, leur résilience ainsi que l'importance d'un soutien constant pour atteindre les populations dans le besoin en toute sécurité et dans les délais. Les ressources étant mises à rude épreuve, nous devons nous concentrer sur les zones les plus touchées et les personnes les plus à risque. En 2026, la réponse donnera la priorité à six régions où les besoins humanitaires sont les plus sévères à savoir l'Extrême-Nord, le Nord-Ouest, le Sud-Ouest, le Nord, l'Adamaoua et l'Est. Les partenaires humanitaires cibleront 1,9 million de personnes, en priorisant les 1.1 millions confrontés aux besoins les plus graves, et pour cela auront besoin de 319 millions de dollars américains pour pouvoir apporter cette réponse. Notre réponse restera fermement centrée sur les personnes. Les communautés façonneront les priorités grâce au retour d'informations et la redevabilité sera renforcée grâce à des mécanismes de plaintes et de feedbacks accessibles, parallèlement aux efforts collectifs visant à prévenir l'exploitation et les abus sexuels mais aussi à y répondre. Nous donnerons la priorité à une programmation inclusive qui reconnaît les besoins distincts des femmes, filles, hommes et garçons et nous travaillerons aussi avec les partenaires pour élargir le rôle des organisations nationales dans la coordination et dans la distribution. Ce faisant, nous poursuivrons les efforts de collaboration plus forts en matière de développement, humanitaire, et paix. Ceci est essentiel pour réduire les risques récurrents, soutenir la préparation et les actions anticipatoires et lier l'assistance vitale aux voies et moyens susceptibles d’aider les communautés à se rétablir et à renforcer leur résilience au fil du temps. Ce plan sera également mis en œuvre dans un environnement de coordination évolutif. Dans le cadre du Humanitarian Reset, le Cameroun s'oriente vers une réponse humanitaire plus localisée, avec un leadership renforcé de la part des acteurs nationaux et locaux et un engagement plus étroit avec les communautés affectées. Notre priorité est de veiller à ce que cette transition renforce l'efficacité et la responsabilité, tout en préservant une coordination fondée sur des principes humanitaires et le soutien technique nécessaire, pour répondre aux chocs liés aux conflits et au climat. Le sous financement entraîne des conséquences bien réelles. En 2025, seulement 1 million de personnes sur les 2,1 millions ciblées ont reçu une assistance, laissant 1,1 million de femmes, d’hommes et d’enfants sans prise en charge de leurs besoins urgents. Nous ne pouvons pas laisser cela se reproduire. Un financement rapide, flexible et prévisible est essentiel pour soutenir une assistance vitale, préserver les gains durement acquis et prévenir toute détérioration ultérieure. Je remercie le Gouvernement du Cameroun, les autorités régionales et locales, les communautés d'accueil, les organisations nationales et tous les partenaires humanitaires pour leur engagement et leur solidarité. J'en appelle aux donateurs et à l’ensemble des parties prenantes, y compris les contributeurs non traditionnels, à soutenir ce plan et l’effort collectif qu’il représente. Ensemble, nous pouvons combler les lacunes critiques, renforcer une réponse guidée par les principes humanitaires, efficace, et réellement portée par les populations qu’elle sert. *** Pour en savoir plus sur les chiffres du HNRP 2026 au Cameroun : :Cameroon: At a glance | Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2026 [+]

Country: Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Ple ase refer to the attached file. Alcance del Plan La extensión del Plan de Respuesta Humanitaria 2026 define las líneas estratégicas del Sistema de las Naciones Unidas y sus socios para contribuir a la atención de las necesidades humanitarias más urgentes de las personas en situación de mayor vulnerabilidad, en coherencia con los principios de humanidad, neutralidad, imparcialidad e independencia. En el marco del proceso del “reinicio humanitario”¹, el Plan orienta una respuesta focalizada, basada en evidencia y centrada en las personas, con énfasis en acciones multisectoriales esenciales que contribuyan a preservar la vida, la dignidad y el acceso a servicios básicos. El Plan continuará impulsando acciones coordinadas en las siguientes áreas: salud de la población; seguridad alimentaria y nutrición; prestación y acceso a servicios básicos; educación; prevención y mitigación de riesgos de protección; movilidad humana; y preparación y respuesta ante emergencias La implementación del Plan se desarrollará a nivel municipal, con el objetivo de fortalecer la presencia operativa de los socios, mejorar la articulación territorial y favorecer una respuesta más oportuna, complementaria y contextualizada, en coordinación con las autoridades competentes y otros actores relevantes. De forma transversal, se integrarán los enfoques de igualdad de género, centralidad de la protección y localización, garantizando que las acciones respondan a las necesidades diferenciadas de mujeres, hombres, niñas y niños, y que se potencie el rol de los actores locales en la respuesta. Asimismo, el Plan promoverá un abordaje integral bajo el enfoque del nexo humanitario-desarrollo, con el fin de reforzar el impacto y la sostenibilidad de las acciones, fortalecer capacidades locales y reducir vulnerabilidades de manera progresiva. [+]

Country: Madagascar Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please re fer to the attached file. Mots du Coordonnateur Résident des Nations Unies Environ 632 460 personnes ont besoin d'aide humanitaire d'urgence, à la suite des effets dévastateurs du cyclone tropical Fytia et du cyclone tropical intense Gezani, qui ont causé des dégâts sévères en raison de pluies torrentielles et de vents violents, ainsi que d’importantes inondations depuis fin janvier 2026. Au total, plus de 681 000 personnes ont été affectées par les deux systèmes qui ont traversé les régions ouest et est de Madagascar. Il s'agit d'un nouveau choc climatique majeur, et les besoins continuent d’augmenter à mesure que les évaluations se poursuivent. Des dizaines de milliers familles ont perdu leurs maisons et leurs moyens de subsistance ainsi que leur accès aux soins essentiels à l’eau potable, à l’hygiène et à l’assainissement, et sont désormais exposées à des risques de protection accrus. Une aide immédiate est essentielle pour sauver des vies et restaurer leurs moyens de subsistance. Quelques 60 300 personnes ont été déplacées de leurs foyers, et environ 3 200 se trouvent encore déplacées dans des sites temporaires. Les dommages causés aux écoles, aux établissements de santé, et aux infrastructures essentielles ont perturbé les services de base et coupé les voies d'accès, aggravant la vulnérabilité des communautés. Par ailleurs, la destruction des cultures et la perte des stocks alimentaires pourraient accentuer l'insécurité alimentaire dans les mois à venir. Les inondations et la surpopulation dans les sites risquent également d'accroître la propagation des maladies d'origine hydrique. Les Autorités nationales, le Système des Nations Unies et les partenaires ont rapidement mis en oeuvre des mesures d'intervention et des actions anticipatoires, ayant démarré avant même l’atterrissage du cyclone Gezani, une toute première dans la réponse aux cyclones à Madagascar. De nombreux donateurs et États membres ont déjà fait preuve de solidarité envers la population Malagasy en cette période cruciale. Cependant, les capacités restent limitées en raison notamment des contraintes d'accès et des approvisionnements restreints. Pour répondre à cette crise humanitaire aiguë, cet Appel Eclair requiert 67,9 millions de dollars américains afin que les partenaires humanitaires puissent cibler 454,900 personnes parmi les plus affectées au cours des trois prochains mois, sur la base d'évaluations aériennes et rapides. Cet appel vise à mobiliser l'action humanitaire en soutien de la réponse menée par le Gouvernement et complète directement les efforts déployés. Il s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'appel plus large de 142 millions de dollars lancé par le Gouvernement le 14 février, qui couvre les besoins humanitaires immédiats, le relèvement rapide et les priorités en matière de reconstruction. Nous exhortons la communauté internationale à apporter un soutien rapide et flexible afin de permettre une réponse à la hauteur de l’ampleur des besoins. Nous avons veillé à ce que cet Appel Eclair soit une priorité commune et fondé sur des principes, et nous sommes convaincus que les activités prévues sont nécessaires de toute urgence pour apporter une aide immédiate aux personnes qui en ont le plus besoin. Dans la mise en oeuvre de cet Appel, les Nations unies et l’équipe Humanitaire Pays (EHP) s'engagent à garantir le respect total des principes humanitaires d'impartialité, de neutralité, d'indépendance et d'humanité. En lançant cet Appel, nous sommes tous conscients que l'aide humanitaire n'est pas une solution à long terme aux chocs climatiques récurrents qui continuent d'affecter Madagascar. Le pays demeure vulnérable, et des efforts soutenus sont nécessaires pour garantir que les populations et les infrastructures soient résilientes aux risques climatiques récurrents et croissants, et de reconstruire leurs moyens de subsistance. Anthony NgororanoCoordinateur Résident des Nations UniesMadagascar [+]

Country: Niger Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer t o the attached file. Avant-propos Nous voudrions à l’entame de ces propos liminaires dire tout le plaisir qui est le nôtre d’introduire conjointement ce document important pour la planification Humanitaire (HNRP) 2026. Nous voudrions surtout saluer le processus inclusif qui a prévalu lors de l’élaboration de ce document, depuis les consultations communautaires jusqu’aux analyses. Le Niger, faut-il le souligner, fait face à un contexte sécuritaire délicat, une conjoncture économique mondiale défavorable et des effets persistants du changement climatique. Ces facteurs combinés affectent négativement les capacités nationales de prévention et de réponse aux chocs multiples et aggravent les conditions de vie des populations. Sur le plan humanitaire, les besoins ne sont pas à la baisse. L’insécurité persistante, avec les déplacements forcés de population qu’elle induit, et la pression qu’elle accroit sur les services sociaux de base, contribuent à une détérioration des conditions de vie dans certaines localités. La région de Dosso illustre l’extension géographique des vulnérabilités, justifiant ainsi son intégration comme région de concentration humanitaire additionnelle dans le cadre du HNRP 2026. Dans ce contexte, le document "Besoins Humanitaires et Plan de Réponse 2026" constitue un outil stratégique central pour structurer une réponse collective, cohérente et priorisée. Il repose sur une analyse rigoureuse des besoins, essentielle pour garantir la pertinence des interventions et mobiliser les partenaires techniques et financiers dans un environnement marqué par la rareté des ressources humanitaires. La conduite de consultations communautaires est capitale pour la formulation d’un bon plan de réponse humanitaire. Permettez que nous nous attardions quelque peu sur les modalités observées dans le cas présent. Des consultations ont été menées dans 57 communes, elles ont permis de recueillir de manière inclusive des informations sur les perceptions, les priorités et les facteurs de vulnérabilités des populations affectées. Ces consultations ont ensuite été renforcées par des ateliers régionaux, puis un atelier national, qui ont réuni les autorités locales et les acteurs humanitaires, assurant une contextualisation opportune des besoins et une appropriation collective des résultats. Ce document place ainsi les communautés au cœur de la réponse humanitaire, non seulement comme bénéficiaires, mais comme acteurs de la définition des priorités. Enfin, le document traduit l’engagement des autorités, des partenaires et des bailleurs à fournir une réponse coordonnée, fondée sur l’évidence, alignée sur les priorités nationales et orientée vers des résultats concrets en faveur des populations les plus vulnérables du Niger. Nous félicitons tous les acteurs qui ont participé à la mise en place de ce processus hautement robuste et, invitons toutes les bonnes volontés à investir dans la mise en œuvre du HNRP 2026. Ministre de la Population, de l’Action Sociale et de la Solidarité Nationale La Coordonnatrice humanitaire [+]

Countries: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Nigeria Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached file. The humanitarian community in Cameroon has finalized the 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan (HNRP). Preparations are underway for an official joint launch ceremony that will bring together the Government of Cameroon and humanitarian partners. While this event is being organized, the document is shared and made available online. Foreword Cameroon remains one of the most overlooked humanitarian crises in the region. Violence and insecurity, displacement, climate related shocks and public health risks continue to intersect and compound existing fragilities. In 2026, an estimated 2.9 million people need humanitarian assistance and protection services. Behind this figure are families who have lost homes and livelihoods, children whose schooling is repeatedly disrupted, and communities struggling to cope with successive shocks while space for humanitarian action remains constrained. Needs in Cameroon are shaped by three concurrent crises. In the Far North, the Lake Chad basin conflict continues to drive displacement and protection concerns, with insecurity limiting access to basic services. In the North-West and South-West, violence continues to affect daily life and undermine access to markets, schools and healthcare. In the eastern regions, Cameroon continues to host refugees from the Central African Republic, many of whom have lived in displacement for years and face persistent protection risks alongside limited opportunities to rebuild self-reliance. These crises unfold in a context where structural development gaps and long-lasting vulnerabilities amplify the impact of each new shock. Flooding and drought repeatedly damage assets, disrupt livelihoods and strain already limited services. In the North-West and South-West, insecurity and access constraints add further complexity. In 2025, constraints documented in affected areas included movement restrictions, administrative impediments that delayed operations and incidents that increased risks for civilians and humanitarian workers. Underfunding further reduced partners’ ability to pre-position supplies, maintain staffing, and invest in the logistics and risk mitigation required to reach people safely and consistently. During my 2025 visit to Buea, discussions with local authorities and humanitarian partners underscored not only the daily constraints they face but also their determination and resilience in supporting people in need, and the importance of sustained support to ensure safe and consistent access. With resources under pressure, we must focus on the hardest hit areas and the people most at risk. In 2026, the response will prioritise six regions where humanitarian needs are most severe, namely the Far North, North- West, South-West, North, Adamawa and East regions. Humanitarian partners will target 1.9 million people, prioritising the 1.1 million facing the most severe needs, and will require US$ 319 million to deliver the response. Our response will remain firmly centred on people. Communities will continue to shape priorities through their feedback, and accountability will be strengthened through accessible complaints and feedback mechanisms, alongside collective efforts to prevent and respond to sexual exploitation and abuse. We will prioritise inclusive programming that recognises the distinct needs of women, girls, men and boys, and we will work with partners to expand the role of national organisations in coordination and delivery. At the same time, we will pursue stronger humanitarian development and peace collaboration. This is essential to reduce recurring risks, support preparedness and anticipatory action, and connect lifesaving assistance with pathways that help communities recover and build resilience over time. This plan will also be delivered in a changing coordination environment. Under the Humanitarian Reset, Cameroon is moving towards a more localised humanitarian response, with stronger leadership by national and local actors and closer engagement with affected communities. Our priority is to ensure that this transition strengthens effectiveness and accountability, while preserving principled coordination and the technical support needed to respond to conflict and climate related shocks. The cost of underfunding is not abstract. In 2025, only an estimated 1 million people received assistance out of 2.1 million targeted, leaving 1.1 million with unmet urgent needs. We cannot afford a repetition of this outcome. Timely, flexible and predictable funding is critical to sustain life saving action, preserve hard won gains and prevent further deterioration. I thank the Government of Cameroon, regional and local authorities, host communities, national organisations, and all humanitarian partners for their commitment and solidarity. I call on donors and all stakeholders, including development partners and non-traditional contributors, to support this plan and the collective effort it represents. Together, we can close critical gaps and deliver a response that is principled, effective and owned by the people it serves. *** Find out more about the figures for Cameroon 2026 HNRP :Cameroon: At a glance | Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2026 [+]

Country: Burkina Faso Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached file. Le Burkina Faso continue de faire face à une crise humanitaire complexe. L’insécurité, les chocs climatiques tels que les inondations, les vents violents et les poches de sécheresse, ainsi que les urgences sanitaires fragilisent la résilience des communautés. Ces facteurs accentuent la vulnérabilité des groupes les plus à risque que sont les femmes, les enfants, les personnes en situation de handicap et les personnes âgées. Les défis humanitaires se caractérisent notamment par des difficultés d’accès à certaines localités, une pression accrue sur les communautés hôtes du fait de l’accueil des personnes déplacées internes (PDI), une insuffisance des ressources disponibles, ainsi que des besoins de protection. Ces contraintes s’inscrivent dans un contexte international marqué par une diminution des financements. Au 31 décembre 2025, seulement 33,1 pour cent des besoins de financement de l’année avaient été couverts. Malgré ces défis, des efforts importants ont permis de ravitailler les zones à forte concentration de populations vulnérables y compris celles particulièrement difficiles d’accès et dans les localités de retours. En 2026, les besoins humanitaires restent élevés, avec 4,5 millions de personnes nécessitant une assistance, contre 5,9 millions en 2025, soit une baisse de 24 pour cent. Derrière ces chiffres, se trouvent des familles déplacées et des communautés hôtes dont les capacités d’absorption sont dépassées. Les personnes dans le besoin sont principalement des PDI, des communautés hôtes vulnérables, des personnes retournées ainsi que des demandeurs d’asile et réfugiés. La communauté humanitaire, à travers l’Équipe Humanitaire Pays (EHP) et ses partenaires, réaffirme son engagement à répondre aux besoins les plus urgents, tout en renforçant la résilience des communautés affectées, en collaboration avec le Gouvernement, les acteurs locaux et les partenaires de développement. C’est dans cette perspective que s’inscrit le présent document intitulé « Besoins humanitaires et Plan de réponse des partenaires (HNRP) 2026 ». Le HNRP, consolidé par le Bureau des Nations Unies pour la coordination des affaires humanitaires (OCHA), au nom de l’EHP et ses partenaires, traduit la volonté et la détermination de la communauté humanitaire à contribuer à sauver des vies, à protéger les droits fondamentaux et à apporter une assistance aux populations vulnérables. Ce plan est conçu en cohérence et en complémentarité avec le Plan national de réponse humanitaire (PNRH) 2026 du Gouvernement. [+]

Countries: Colombia, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached files. SP. El Gobierno de Colombia ha impulsado medidas orientadas a reducir las desigualdades históricas y mejorar las condiciones de vida en las regiones más vulnerables, ampliando el acceso a servicios básicos y promoviendo iniciativas de adaptación y resiliencia frente al cambio climático. Paralelamente, en el marco de la política de Paz Total se han logrado avances en los diálogos con distintos grupos armados —incluidos ceses al fuego temporales—; no obstante, la consolidación de estos resultados ha debido enfrentar desafíos territoriales persistentes y la resistencia de sectores de oposición y de distintos actores políticos y sociales en el país, además de los males estructurales heredados del conflicto armado, lo que ha incidido en el ritmo de su implementación. Colombia sigue enfrentando una crisis humanitaria compleja, marcada por la convergencia del conflicto armado, los desastres agravados por el cambio climático y los flujos migratorios. En 2025, la violencia y el conflicto afectaron al menos a 1,6 millones de personas —tres veces más que en 2024—, con emergencias de gran magnitud como la del Catatumbo, la más grave desde 2016. La expansión territorial de los Grupos Armados No Estatales, presentes hoy en el 60% de los municipios y con influencia sobre cerca de 9,9 millones de personas (78% de la población rural), ha intensificado las emergencias humanitarias de gran escala como consecuencia de los desplazamientos, confinamientos, restricciones a la movilidad. Además, otras graves violaciones de derechos afectan de manera desproporcionada a comunidades rurales y étnicas, así como a niños, niñas, adolescentes y mujeres, no solo de población colombiana sino también de población refugiada y migrante con presencia y/o tránsito en el país. ENG. The Government of Colombia has implemented measures aimed at reducing historical inequalities and improving living conditions in the most vulnerable regions, expanding access to basic services and promoting adaptation and resilience initiatives to address climate variability. In parallel, within the framework of the Total Peace policy, progress has been made in dialogues with different armed groups — including temporary ceasefires —. However, the consolidation of these efforts continues to face persistent territorial challenges, resistance from opposition sectors, and pressure from diverse political and social actors, as well as the structural impacts inherited from the armed conflict, all of which influence the pace of implementation. Colombia continues to face a complex humanitarian crisis driven by the convergence of armed conflict, climate related disasters, and migration flows. In 2025, violence and conflict affected at least 1.6 million people — three times more than in 2024 — with large scale emergencies such as the one in Catatumbo, the most severe since 2016. The territorial expansion of Non State Armed Groups, now present in 60% of municipalities and influencing around 9.9 million people (78% of the rural population), has intensified large scale humanitarian emergencies caused by displacement, confinement, and movement restrictions. Other grave rights violations disproportionately affect rural and ethnic communities, as well as children, adolescents, and women, including both Colombian populations and refugees and migrants residing or in transit in the country. More info Humanitarian Action [+]

Countries: South Sudan, Sudan Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached file. Crisis overview South Sudan continues to face severe humanitarian emergencies driven by climate shocks, relentless violence, multiple disease outbreaks and a struggling economy. These intersecting crises have systematically eroded community resilience, shattered essential services and displaced millions of people. In 2026, over 10 million people, two-thirds of the population are projected to require some form of humanitarian assistance. The humanitarian situation is characterized by acute food insecurity, widespread displacement, fragile health and education systems, and severe protection risks, particularly for women, children, people with disabilities and other vulnerable groups who face heightened exposure to gender-based violence, exploitation and harmful coping mechanisms such as early and forced marriage. Climate Variability South Sudan remains one of the countries most affected by the global climate crisis, ranking second on the 2025 INFORM Risk Index. Recurrent and overlapping climate shocks, catastrophic floods and prolonged droughts continue to undermine resilience and entrench humanitarian needs. Since 2019, consecutive flash and riverine floods have affected more than one million people annually. In 2025, the lasting impacts of the 2024 El Niño event produced a severe flood-drought paradox: while parts of Greater Upper Nile, Unity, and Jonglei States faced extensive flooding that affected over 1.3 million people and displaced over 375,000 as of end of November 2025, at the same time some northern and south-eastern regions experienced prolonged dry spells. This dual shock devastated crop production, decimated livestock, and further strained already scarce water resources. Women and girls, who are often responsible for water collection and food preparation, have been disproportionately affected, facing increased workloads, reduced access to essential services and heightened exposure to gender-based violence during displacement and resource scarcity. These cumulative climate impacts have surpassed local coping capacities, leaving communities with little time or resources to recover between shocks. The erosion of livelihoods has also deepened gender inequalities, limiting women’s access to income-generating opportunities and decision-making spaces. Without scaled-up anticipatory action and investment in climate-resilient programming, climate-driven humanitarian needs are expected to remain severe throughout 2026 and beyond. Conflict South Sudan’s conflict dynamics are driven by political fragility, ethnic tensions, and competition over scarce resources. Since March 2025, renewed clashes between government forces and opposition groups, particularly in Greater Upper Nile and the Equatorias, have intensified instability. Rising political polarization has fuelled widespread violence across Upper Nile, Jonglei, Unity, and Western and Central Equatoria throughout 2025, resulting in civilian casualties, mass displacement, and major disruptions to humanitarian operations and basic services. Spillover from Sudan’s conflict, including the influx of displaced people to South Sudan and negative economic impacts have deepened humanitarian needs in the country. Many of the affected counties were already highly vulnerable due to food insecurity, recurrent floods, and disease outbreaks, including surging cholera cases. Insecurity and access constraints limit partners’ ability to reach those most in need, with women, children, persons with disabilities, and other at-risk groups facing heightened exposure to violence, family separation, and restricted access to life-saving services. Inter-communal violence also escalated in 2025, driven by political fragility and resource competition. In Jonglei and Upper Nile, clashes between armed youth groups and rival communities, often linked to cattle raiding and retaliatory attacks, evolved into large-scale, militarized assaults. Coordinated raids in Duk County in February left multiple civilians dead and dozens injured, while similar attacks in Eastern and Western Equatoria caused heavy casualties, including among women and children, and triggered mass displacement. Traditional disputes over grazing land and water have increasingly turned violent, amplified by widespread small arms and weakened customary conflict-resolution systems. These dynamics have destroyed livelihoods, deepened mistrust among communities, and entrenched cycles of violence. Climate stress further acts as a conflict multiplier. In flood-affected areas, displacement has pushed pastoralists into farming zones, reigniting farmer-herder clashes, while drought-stricken regions face renewed competition over water points and grazing land. These pressures have contributed to severe human rights violations, including killings, abductions, forced displacement, and pervasive sexual and gender-based violence, disproportionately affecting women and girls. Combined with political instability, these localized conflicts are driving South Sudan toward a more entrenched humanitarian emergency. Sudan Crisis The conflict in Sudan, now entering its third year, continues to place immense pressure on South Sudan’s humanitarian and socio-economic systems. By end of November 2025, nearly 1.3 million refugees and returnees had entered South Sudan since April 2023, with an additional 380,000 arrivals projected by the end of 2026. The influx has pushed host communities and services to a breaking point. In Renk, Maban, and surrounding areas, water systems, health facilities, and schools are operating at 300-400 per cent of their capacity. The strain on services has disproportionately affected women and girls, who often shoulder caregiving responsibilities and face heightened risks of gender-based violence (GBV), particularly in overcrowded transit and reception centres. Disrupted cross-border trade and inflation have driven up food and fuel prices, deepening poverty among both hosts and new arrivals and increasing tensions over land and resources, including reports of evictions and disputes over customary land rights. With humanitarian funding declining, competition over limited assistance risks further instability. Sudan’s collapsing health system has also contributed to the cross-border spread of communicable diseases, including cholera, measles, and hepatitis E. The ongoing cholera outbreak in South Sudan originated in Sudan. Disease Outbreaks As of November 2025, South Sudan was battling multiple concurrent disease outbreaks including cholera, hepatitis E, and mpox further straining an already fragile health system. The country is facing its largest cholera outbreak on record, both in scale and geographic spread, with over 96,000 cases and nearly 1,600 deaths reported as of end of November. Years of recurrent flooding continue to drive a surge in endemic diseases such as malaria, which remains a leading cause of illness and death nationwide. Between January and October 2025, nearly 3.2 million suspected malaria cases and 784 suspected malaria-related deaths were recorded. Mpox has re-emerged as a significant public health concern, with 28 confirmed cases as of November 2025 mainly in Juba County, with additional cases in Rumbek and Malakal. Although no deaths have been reported, limited surveillance capacity, underfunded response teams, and operational constraints hinder timely case investigation and contact tracing. Hepatitis E also remains persistent in flood and displacement-affected areas, especially Rubkona, Renk, and Fangak with more than 9,000 cumulative cases and a 1.3 per cent case fatality rate. These outbreaks are compounded by deteriorating public health infrastructure, including damage to 144 health facilities during flooding. Poor access to safe water and sanitation, coupled with overcrowded displacement sites, continue to heighten the risk of disease transmission. Gaps in immunization coverage have weakened population immunity, increasing the risks for children and other vulnerable groups. Acute respiratory infections and diarrhea diseases remain widespread amid prolonged humanitarian strain and an overstretched health system. Despite recent cholera vaccination campaigns and vector control efforts, significant gaps persist in surveillance, reporting, and emergency response. Only an estimated 44 per cent of the population has reliable access to primary health care. The health system remains heavily dependent on humanitarian support, underscoring the urgent need for sustained and predictable funding to strengthen integrated prevention, detection, and response capacities nationwide. [+]

Countries: Mali, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Niger Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached file. 1.1 Aperçu de la crise L’évolution de la situation humanitaire en 2025 laisse entrevoir une année 2026 durant laquelle les populations continueront de subir l’effet combiné de facteurs sécuritaires, climatiques, sanitaires et socioéconomiques. Les opérations militaires en cours dans le nord et le centre, et leur extension vers le sud et l’ouest, ont contribué à un contexte sécuritaire tendu, marqué par des violences récurrentes affectant les civils avec une multiplication des risques de protection. Les femmes, les enfants, les personnes vivant avec un handicap, les personnes âgées ainsi que les personnes déplacées internes ont été parmi les plus exposés à ces menaces multiformes. À la fin de 2025, selon la Direction nationale du développement sociale (DNDS), près de 415 0001 personnes étaient déplacées à l’intérieur du pays, dont 30% de femmes et de filles, 58% d’enfants et 4% de personnes âgées. En 2026, cette dynamique pourrait s’amplifier en raison de, entre autres, la persistance des combats contre les groupes armés, des attaques des groupes armés contre les civils, des poches de violence localisées. La prévalence de violences basées sur le genre (VBG), d’enrôlements forcés, de restrictions accrues à la liberté de mouvement et d’autres violations vont accentuer les risques de protection, en particulier dans les zones rurales et enclavées. Si les inondations historiques de 2024, qui ont affecté plus de 850 000 personnes, continuent d’entraîner des conséquences sur les ménages, 2025 a été une année bien différente. Au 30 octobre 2025, 47 cas d’inondations avaient été enregistrés, affectant près de 21 000 personnes , ainsi que des pertes en bétail et champs agricoles, selon la Direction Générale de la Protection Civile. En 2026, les communautés déjà touchées par la sécheresse, la dégradation environnementale ou les inondations de ces deux dernières années resteront hautement exposées aux risques d’insécurité alimentaire, de malnutrition et d’épidémies, notamment dans les zones à forte concentration de personnes déplacées ainsi que celles du bassin du fleuve Niger. Le Mali demeure fortement exposé aux chocs sanitaires, en raison de la faible couverture vaccinale, la mobilité des populations, le déficit d’infrastructures et les difficultés d’accès dans plusieurs zones. Cette fragilité structurelle accroît le risque de résurgence épidémique, comme l’a illustré la flambée récente de diphtérie, particulièrement dans les régions du centre. Au 11 novembre 2025, selon les autorités maliennes, le pays comptait 429 cas suspects et 29 décès, dont 46 cas confirmés sur 183 échantillons analysés. 361 cas cliniquement compatibles ont été signalés, principalement dans les régions de Mopti, Ségou et Koulikoro, tandis que 137 cas étaient non confirmés. Les enfants âgés de 5 à 14 ans constituaient la tranche d’âge la plus touchée (57% des cas), suivis des personnes de 15 ans et plus (18%) et des enfants de 12 à 59 mois (17%). La situation était d’autant plus préoccupante que deux des trois pays africains affichant un taux de létalité supérieur à 10%, l’Algérie et la Guinée, partagent une frontière avec le Mali. Le Niger, également frontalier, figure parmi les pays ayant un taux de létalité compris entre 5 et 10%, comme le Mali lui-même. À cela s’ajoute la confirmation, en novembre 2025, du premier cas de Mpox, faisant peser une menace supplémentaire. Deux semaines plus tard, 10 cas communautaires avaient été déjà confirmés, 3 cas à Kangaba et 7 dans l’agglomération de Bamako. Selon l’institution d’analyse INFORM2 qui établit un classement de vulnérabilité sur la base de plusieurs critères (sécurité/conflit, épidémies, stabilité socio-économique), le Mali verra une prolongation en 2026 du contexte sécuritaire tendu observé en 2025. L’exposition structurelle du pays aux effets du changement climatique, aux défis de l’État de droit et aux tensions régionales continuera probablement d’alimenter les fragilités. Malgré une croissance économique projetée en 2025 autour de 5% et les entrées financières liées à l’exploitation aurifère, la situation est restée fragile en raison des indicateurs tels que le chômage, le faible pouvoir d’achat, et une économie peu diversifiée. Les récentes perturbations liées à l’approvisionnement en carburant ont secoué l’activité économique sans pour autant créer un choc économique majeur, le pays a su résister. Il est à craindre que des nouveaux développements qui affecteraient le pays, notamment une nouvelle crise de carburant, et qui se prolongeraient dans le temps, mettront davantage en mal les ressorts économiques. Sur le plan politique, l’année a été marquée par de nombreux faits, le plus signifiant étant la consolidation du pouvoir de la transition militaire par l’établissement d’un mandat de cinq ans renouvelables du Chef de l’Etat, Président de la Transition, le Général d'Armée Assimi Goïta et la dissolution des partis politiques. En termes d’accès, entre janvier et novembre 2025, le Mali a enregistré 753 incidents d’accès humanitaire3, une hausse de 40% par rapport à 2024 sur la même période, marquant une nette détérioration du contexte d’accès. Les engins explosifs, les hostilités armées, et les interférences directes ont constitué des menaces croissantes pour les opérations humanitaires. Ces contraintes ont entraîné des restrictions d’accès pour les populations vulnérables, avec 15 localités difficilement accessibles, et ont compromis la sécurité du personnel humanitaire (62 cas de violences ciblées, 19 humanitaires enlevés et 2 cas d’assassinats en juillet). Les zones les plus affectées en 2025 étaient : le nord (Gao, Ménaka, axes vers Kidal) ; le centre (Ségou, Mopti, Tombouctou, Farabougou, Diré, Gourma de Niafunké, Léré) ; le sud/ouest (Kayes, Nioro du Sahel, Mourdiah). Le recours croissant aux drones armés au cours des derniers mois a renforcé les contraintes d’accès humanitaire, limitant la couverture des services essentiels et réduisant l’espace de réponse dans les zones déjà fortement touchées. [+]

Country: Chad Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached file. 1.1 Aperçu de la crise Narratif de la crise Le Tchad fait face, à l’aube de 2026, à l’une des crises humanitaires majeures du Sahel. Cette crise résulte de l’intersection entre les effets du changement climatique, les conflits régionaux, les déplacements massifs de populations et la fragilité chronique des services sociaux de base, impactés par la résurgence d'épidémies meurtrières. Environ 22% de la population vivant au Tchad et faisant partie de la portée de l’analyse (soit près de 4,6 millions de personnes), nécessitent une assistance humanitaire d’urgence. Malgré une croissance économique modérée annoncée pour 2025, le taux de pauvreté devrait atteindre 45,4 %, avec 9,5 millions de personnes vivant dans l’extrême pauvreté¹. Cette vulnérabilité persistante s’inscrit dans un contexte de crise régionale marquée par la guerre au Soudan, les tensions intercommunautaires dans le Sud, les attaques récurrentes de groupes armés non-étatiques au Lac et les chocs climatiques récurrents (inondations, sécheresses, invasion acridienne). Cependant, il importe de noter que depuis quelques années, l’Etat tchadien fournit des efforts soutenus pour atténuer les vulnérabilités, réduire les chocs et renforcer la résilience des communautés (relèvement de l’espérance de vie, augmentation de la couverture des services d’eau, hygiène et assainissement, etc.). Ces efforts contribuent à réduire un tant soit peu la sévérité des besoins et à prévenir leur aggravation, même s’ils ne sauraient, à eux seuls, répondre à l’ensemble des défis. Crise à l’Est : le poids de la guerre au Soudan Depuis avril 2023, le conflit soudanais a provoqué un afflux massif de réfugiés et de retournés tchadiens de près de 1,3 million de personnes vers l'est du Tchad² dans les provinces de Ouaddaï, Wadi Fira, Sila et Ennedi Est. En novembre 2025, plus de 888 000 réfugiés et 330 000 retournés³ ont été recensés. La majorité de ces populations sont des femmes et des enfants (87 %)4 , et 14 % présentent des besoins spécifiques liés au genre, à l’âge ou au handicap. Ces personnes arrivent traumatisées par la violence, épuisées par la fuite, et démunies de tout. A côté de cette situation dévastatrice, la pression sur les communautés hôtes reste considérable, notamment dans le Ouaddaï et le Sila où la densité démographique a triplé. La flambée du choléra, déclarée en juillet 2025 (2 807 cas et 157 décès)5, a aggravé les besoins WASH et sanitaires, particulièrement dans les camps de Dougui et Abougoudam. Cette épidémie frappe particulièrement les populations en déplacement forcé vivant dans des conditions d'hygiène précaires, avec un accès limité à l'eau potable. Cependant, les actions de réponse par les partenaires ont permis d’améliorer légèrement ces conditions. Crise prolongée au Lac : déplacements, insécurité et érosion de la résilience La province du Lac demeure l’épicentre d’une crise prolongée liée aux violences des groupes armés non-étatiques (GANE) et aux déplacements internes. La situation demeure tout aussi préoccupante avec 219 595 personnes déplacées internes, 16 079 retournés et 24 165 retournés anciens PDI6, tous fuyant les violences des GANE et vivant dans des conditions précaires sur des sites d’accueil qui manque de tout. Les attaques, enlèvements et extorsions demeurent fréquents : plus de 1 250 incidents de protection ont été signalés depuis le début de 2025, dont 204 cas d’enlèvements, souvent de femmes et d’enfants7. Les attaques perpétrées en juillet et septembre 2025 ont causé la mort de plusieurs civils, dont sept femmes et quatre enfants lors d'une embuscade à Gomirom8. Dans cette province, les femmes représentent 84% des chefs de ménages déplacés9, exposées quotidiennement aux enlèvements, aux violences sexuelles et à l'exploitation lorsqu'elles partent chercher du bois ou cultiver leurs champs. Malgré une baisse des incidents sécuritaires au troisième trimestre 2025, les mouvements secondaires se poursuivent, aggravant les besoins en abris, vivres et services essentiels. Crises au Sud : tensions communautaires et vulnérabilités cachées Longtemps reléguée au second plan, la crise humanitaire au Sud s’aggrave sous l’effet combiné des conflits intercommunautaires, de l’insécurité alimentaire et du désengagement humanitaire. Entre juillet et septembre 2025, plus de 1,3 million de personnes étaient en insécurité alimentaire, dont 1,2 million en phase 3 à 5 d’après les données du Cadre Harmonisé10. Les affrontements entre éleveurs et cultivateurs et les conflits intercommunautaires ont fait 11 morts et 16 blessés en septembre 202511, tandis que les inondations et la dégradation des routes ont entravé l’accès humanitaire. Le sousf inancement chronique a conduit à la fermeture de plusieurs programmes clés du PAM, de l’OIM et du HCR, affectant directement plus de 120 000 réfugiés centrafricains présents dans les provinces méridionales. Des besoins criants aggravés par les chocs climatiques Avec une ampleur moins prononcée qu’en 2024, les inondations en 2025 ont frappé aussi avec une violence localisée, affectant 407 759 personnes dans quatre provinces dont 79 décès12. Dans le Moyen Chari, épicentre de la catastrophe, 373 951 personnes ont vu leurs maisons détruites, leurs récoltes anéanties et leur bétail emporté par les eaux4. Ces inondations ont non seulement détruit 11 324 habitations et 91 503 hectares de cultures4, mais également créé des conditions idéales pour la propagation des maladies hydriques comme le choléra. Dans le Batha, 3 125,5 hectares de cultures de mil ont été dévastés des oiseaux granivores « quelea-quelea » en septembre 2025, compromettant jusqu'à 70% des superficies cultivées dans 40 villages4. Cette nouvelle calamité menace directement la sécurité alimentaire dans une [+]

Country: Somalia Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached file. Somalia faces an intensifying humanitarian crisis driven by prolonged drought, conflict, and recurrent disease outbreaks. A multi-stakeholder shock analysis conducted in 2025 estimated that 7.5 million people—representing 39 percent of the population—were affected across 64 of 90 districts. While this figure reflects a reduction compared to previous years, the decline is attributable to stricter scope-setting rather than improved conditions. The situation has worsened following the failure of the 2025 Karan rains (July–September) in the north and the Deyr (Oct-Dec) rains nationwide. Northern regions have now endured a fourth consecutive failed rainy season, with rainfall levels 60 percent below average—the driest conditions recorded since 1981. Extreme heat (35–40 °C) accelerates water loss, leaving rangelands parched and water points depleted.2 Widespread water infrastructure failures have driven water prices in Puntland to $12–15 per 200-liter barrel. 80 per cent of berkads in Puntland have dried up, in Hirshabelle, 50 boreholes require urgent rehabilitation; These disruptions are significantly inflating water costs and compounding public health risks. Crop failure affects up to 85 per cent of farmland, reducing sorghum and maize yields by 20–30 per cent.3 The combined effects of severe drought, ongoing conflict, and soaring food prices—including imported cereals and water— have pushed Somalia’s food insecurity to crisis levels. Livestock deaths and widespread pastoral movements underscore the collapse of traditional livelihoods and deepening vulnerability Between October and December 2025, 4.4 million people (23 per cent of the population) faced IPC Phase 3+ food insecurity, including 921,000 in Emergency (IPC Phase 4).4 Malnutrition rates are surging, with 1.85 million children under 5 projected to suffer acute malnutrition, including 421,000 severe cases projected from August 2025-July 2026.5 These conditions are expected to worsen as drought persists, with households in Emergency (IPC 4) expected to rise through May. Somalia’s fragile health system is under immense strain as poor access to safe water and drought-driven displacement have triggered an upsurge of vaccine-preventable diseases, AWD/cholera and other disease outbreaks, affecting the country’s high number of 'zero-dose' children. The health system’s capacity to respond is severely hindered by chronic underfunding and logistical disruptions, leaving critical gaps in facility-based care. The combined impact of restricted access to healthcare and the rising disease burden poses an immediate threat to life, particularly for malnourished children and pregnant women in the most severely affected inter-sectoral priority areas. In addition, given that Ethiopia has declared the Marburg Virus Disease (MVD), the situation becomes concerning for the neighbouring countries including Somalia. By November (Epi-weeks 1 – 49) 2025, the country recorded 3,375 diphtheria cases and 139 associated deaths, 11, 599 measles cases, 11,952 malaria cases and 8,846 cases of AWD/ cholera. Conflict remains a critical driver of humanitarian needs in Somalia, with inter-clan fighting, retaliatory attacks, and military offensives—particularly in partners’ operations by 70 per cent, forcing them to lower cash transfer values to cover only 70 per cent of the food Minimum Expenditure Basket (MEB) and shorten assistance duration from six to three months. Consequently, more than 600,000 vulnerable people are now without food or cash support. Without urgent funding, reductions in food, health, and WASH assistance will deepen vulnerabilities. Pipeline disruptions in food and nutrition supplies, including Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) and Ready-to-Use Supplementary Food (RUSF), as well as interruptions in cash assistance programs, are anticipated to further exacerbate the food security crisis as the drought intensifies. The crisis is further compounded by high access constraints, with 139 incidents reported between January and September 2025, including interference in aid delivery and violence against personnel. Severe restrictions persist along the Shabelle River corridor, Hiraan, and Galgaduud, with significant limitations in Bay, Bakool, and Lower Juba—many priority areas for the 2026 HNRP. Unpredictable movement due to checkpoints, ambushes, IEDs, and hostilities, compounded by infrastructure damage, informal taxation, and inconsistent travel permissions, has increased costs and delayed aid. Security incidents, reduced funding, and the AUSSOM transition heighten risk aversion, underscoring the need for acceptance-based access strategies and principled use of armed escorts. [+]

Countries: Ukraine, Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia Sources: UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached file. REGIONAL OVERVIEW The war in Ukraine, following the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion in February 2022, has triggered the fastest-growing and largest displacement crisis in Europe since World War II. In the years following the invasion, millions of people were forced to flee to neighbouring countries and beyond, prompting a vast mobilization of resources and support. National and municipal authorities, civil society organizations, local volunteers and refugees themselves continue to play critical roles in responding to the urgent needs of those displaced by the conflict, ensuring protection and providing essential services. As the refugee response moves into 2025 and 2026, it faces the challenge of addressing a complex and evolving situation. With millions of refugees in host countries still in need of protection, the plan focuses on ensuring continued access to legal status and rights for as long as necessary. The Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRP) highlights the deepening ownership of the response by host governments and their increased investments in the socio-economic inclusion of refugees. Host countries and humanitarian actors have shifted from immediate emergency aid to long-term strategies that focus on including refugees into national systems. The 2025-2026 RRP builds on previous iterations by providing targeted, practical support to host countries. It emphasizes strengthening the legal and institutional frameworks that allow refugees to gain access to legal residency, while also focusing on those in vulnerable situations. It aims to ensure groups such as older people, children, people with disabilities and survivors of gender-based violence are receiving specialized assistance to address their needs, and that they are not left behind as the response shifts towards sustainability. In line with national priorities, the RRP also focuses on enhancing the self-reliance of refugees through socio-economic inclusion. Investments in job-matching, vocational training and language acquisition are central to these efforts, helping refugees transition into the labour market and supporting their economic independence. Social cohesion remains another key focus, as refugees and host communities continue to live side by side. This is particularly essential in areas where resources are strained and the economic impacts of the conflict are being felt the most. Like refugees across the world, refugees from Ukraine closely follow developments at home and put emphasis on maintaining their cultural links. Providing access to comprehensive, real-time information on access to legal status and assistance, both in host countries and inside Ukraine, will remain a key part of supporting individual, voluntary decisions on whether to remain or to return. The Ukraine is Home digital platform6F5 is central to this work. In the event that conditions in Ukraine shift to allow larger numbers of refugees to return in safety and dignity, partners will adapt and refocus activities to support those who voluntarily choose to return home. This includes linking up to support in Ukraine, as well as ensuring returnees to Ukraine can promptly access international protection again, where needed. Advocacy will continue for refugees to be able to engage in short visits to Ukraine in order to maintain links with family, community and check on property without prematurely losing access to legal status and rights in host countries. The ability to maintain links with one’s home country has been shown to positively influence longer term decisions to return home once conditions permit. The response in 2025-2026 remains closely aligned with the strategies of host governments, who continue to lead the effort, with the RRP complementing their work through international coordination and support. As refugees become more included into national systems, the response is also increasingly localized. Civil society organizations, including refugee-led groups, are playing a more prominent role, ensuring that assistance is tailored to the needs of refugees and host communities. [+]

Country: Democratic Republic of the Congo Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please refer to the attached file. 1.1 Aperçu de la crise En 2025, la République démocratique du Congo (RDC) demeure au coeur d’une situation humanitaire inédite, marquée par la persistance des conflits armés, des déplacements massifs, des chocs climatiques et des épidémies récurrentes. Pour des millions de Congolais, chaque jour est une lutte pour la survie, dans un contexte où la violence, la pauvreté et l’instabilité s’ajoutent à l’épuisement d’une crise prolongée. Dans l’est du pays, la guerre continue de dévaster des vies. L’extension du territoire sous contrôle de l’Alliance Fleuve Congo/Mouvement du 23 Mars (AFC/M23) dans les provinces du Nord-Kivu et du Sud-Kivu, y compris la prise des villes de Goma, Bukavu et Uvira, a entraîné de nouveaux déplacements mais également le retour, parfois forcé, de centaines de milliers de familles vers leurs zones d’origine, souvent encore instables. Parallèlement, dans l’Ituri, le Maniema et le Tanganyika, d’autres foyers de violence persistent. Les attaques de groupes armés, les tensions identitaires et les représailles ont laissé des villages entiers en ruines. Les survivants relatent des nuits de peur, des pillages et une incertitude quotidienne. Les femmes et les filles sont exposées à la violence basée sur le genre (VBG), stigmatisées et privées d’un soutien adéquat. Aux effets dévastateurs des conflits s’ajoutent les conséquences du changement climatique. En 2025, des pluies diluviennes et des inondations ont ravagé Kinshasa et d’autres régions. Dans le Grand Kasaï et le Maniema, elles ont détruit des milliers d’hectares de terres agricoles, aggravant l’insécurité alimentaire. Près d’un quart de la population vit désormais en situation d’insécurité alimentaire aiguë. Dans plusieurs provinces, des familles ne disposent que d’un repas par jour, tandis que des enfants quittent l’école pour chercher de la nourriture ou travailler dans les champs. Les épidémies, notamment de choléra et de rougeole, se propagent, exacerbées par la dégradation des services de santé et par le manque d’eau potable. Malgré un environnement opérationnel extrêmement contraint, la résilience des populations affectées demeure un facteur clé de réponse. Les mécanismes communautaires de solidarité continuent de jouer un rôle essentiel dans la prévention des violences et la protection des groupes les plus vulnérables, en particulier les femmes et les enfants. Les acteurs humanitaires, malgré les difficultés d’accès et de financement, poursuivent leur action vitale : distribution de nourriture, soins, abris, éducation et protection. Néanmoins, les besoins dépassent largement les moyens disponibles. En 2026, près de 15 millions de personnes auront besoin d’assistance humanitaire. Le contraste entre l’ampleur de la souffrance et les ressources limitées souligne l’urgence d’une solidarité renforcée. Car derrière chaque chiffre se cache une histoire, celle d’une femme, d’un enfant, d’une famille qui refuse d’abandonner l’espoir d’un avenir meilleur, dans un pays qui aspire encore à la paix. [+]

Country: Mozambique Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Please re fer to the attached files. As of 19 January 2026, the National Institute for Disaster Management (INGD) reports that nearly 600,000 people have been affected. The situation continues to evolve rapidly, with the number of affected people increasing as extensive flooding persists and controlled water releases from dams continue to prevent structural failure. These combined factors are prolonging inundation and expanding the geographic spread of impacts. The projected number of people affected by INGD stands at 1.1 million people. The floods have had devastating consequences on people’s lives, livelihoods, and essential services. Mozambique’s high vulnerability to flooding is exacerbated by housing conditions, with an estimated 90 per cent of the population living in adobe structures, which are highly susceptible to collapse after prolonged rainfall. An estimated 392,000 people are displaced with the majority forced to leave their homes as they are flooded, and with some having their homes destroyed or damaged. Widespread damage has also been reported to health facilities, road networks, and other critical infrastructure, further compounding humanitarian needs. Gaza Province is the most affected, accounting for approximately 75 per cent of the total affected population. Flooding has caused extensive damage to transport and supply infrastructure, with nearly 5,000 kilometres of roads damaged across nine provinces. This includes sections of the main road linking the capital, Maputo, to the rest of the country, which are currently inaccessible. As a result, supply chains have been severely disrupted, hindering access to food, fuel, and humanitarian assistance. Authorities also report the loss of more than 34,000 livestock, damage to over 104,600 hectares of agricultural land. Nearly 47,300 farmers are impacted, as well as damage to fishing assets and boats. The Government of Mozambique is leading the response and has established a Mobile Emergency Operations Centre (CENOE) in Gaza Province, providing coordination oversight for all affected provinces. Provincial Emergency Operations Centres are also operational to support decentralized coordination in Gaza, Maputo and Sofala. The National Institute for Disaster Management (INGD), with support from humanitarian partners, continues to relocate people to safer areas and conduct search-and-rescue operations. As of 19 January, accommodation centers are hosting 60,800 people, efforts are ongoing to manage overcrowding and ensure access to basic services in these centres. The situation remains fluid and highly dangerous. Search-and-rescue operations are ongoing, but access challenges persist due to flooded and damaged roads, the risk of flash flooding, and continued water releases from dams in Mozambique and upstream countries. The town of Xai-Xai, near the Limpopo River, has been inundated, prompting evacuations from the provincial capital to higher ground. Authorities have also issued alerts for downtown Xai-Xai, including warnings of crocodile risks in flooded areas. On 17 January, the Government formally requested United Nations support, including air assets for rescue operations and humanitarian transport, logistics support, civil engineering and disaster management expertise, and assistance to support the temporary restoration of critical access routes and flood control measures. At this stage, humanitarian access and funding remain the most critical constraints. Large areas remain inaccessible following flooding of major river systems, including the Incomati, Umbeluzi, Limpopo, Save and Buzi rivers. Sections of key highways linking ports to affected areas are cut off. Humanitarian partners are therefore exploring alternative access options, including the feasibility of sea routes between Maputo and the port of Inhambane, closer to the most affected areas. Flood risks are expected to persist as rains continue over the southern Africa region. It will take time for dam levels to stabilize, floodwaters to recede, and soil conditions to improve sufficiently to allow road access to be restored and comprehensive assessments conducted. Continued controlled water releases remain a significant threat even after heavy rains subside. From a single dam, up to 10,000 cubic metres of water per second have been discharged, illustrating the scale of ongoing risk. Humanitarian partners are scaling up life-saving assistance, with a focus on decongesting accommodation centres, particularly in Gaza Province, while continuing assessments in hard-to-reach areas. Deployments are underway to strengthen emergency coordination, displacement tracking, WASH, child protection, and other critical response capacities. Additional support is arriving, including search and rescue, logistics, information management, PSEA, and coordination. Additional funding is urgently required to sustain and scale up the response. This flooding emergency comes on top of large-scale conflict-driven displacement in northern Mozambique, which has already depleted humanitarian stocks and response capacity. The $352 million appeal for conflict-affected populations remains significantly underfunded, and the floods have further increased humanitarian needs and protection risks. [+]